કયું તેલ સ્વાસ્થ્ય માટે સારું છે ? (કૂકિંગ ઓઇલ PART-4) / WHICH OIL IS GOOD FOR HEALTH? (COOKING OIL PART-4)
જ્યારે શક્ય હોય ત્યારે "કોલ્ડ-પ્રેસ્ડ" અથવા "એક્સીસ્ટર-પ્રેસ્ડ" તેલ પસંદ કરો- આ શરતો ઓઇલ પર પ્રક્રિયા કરવાની રીતને સૂચવે છે. ઠંડા-દબાયેલા તેલને નીચા તાપમાને દબાવવામાં આવે છે, જેનો અર્થ એ છે કે તે તમામ સ્વાદ, સુગંધ અને પોષક તત્વોને જાળવી રાખે છે જે અન્ય ગરમી દ્વારા નાશ પામે છે. બહાર કાઢવું એ તેલ ઉત્પન્ન કરવાની અન્ય એક સ્વચ્છ રીત છેઃ તેનો અર્થ એ છે કે તેલને રાસાયણિક રીતે બહાર કાઢવાને બદલે યાંત્રિક રીતે (કાચી ઘાણી) કાઢવામાં આવ્યું હતું.
રાંધવા માટે પીયુએફએ (પોલીઅનસેચ્યુરેટેડ ફેટી એસિડ્સ)ના બદલે મુખ્યત્વે એમયુએફએ (મોનોઅનસેચ્યુરેટેડ ફેટી એસિડ્સ)ના બનેલા હોય તેવા તેલને પસંદ કરો- તેના રાસાયણિક માળખાને કારણે, એમયુએફએ (MUFAs) ગરમી અને ઓક્સિડેશન પ્રત્યે ઓછા સંવેદનશીલ હોય છે અને મોટા ભાગના રાંધવા માટે મોટે ભાગે એમયુએફએ (MUFA) ઓઇલ (જેમ કે ઓલિવ, એવોકાડો, કેનોલા, સનફ્લાવર, તલ, સોયાબીન)ની પસંદગી કરવાની ભલામણ કરવામાં આવે છે.
ઓમેગા -3 અને ઓમેગા -6 ફેટી એસિડ્સ બે જુદા જુદા પ્રકારના પીયુએફએ છે. આખી માછલી અને માછલીના તેલ ઓમેગા-૩ના શ્રેષ્ઠ સ્ત્રોત છે, પરંતુ તમે તેને કેટલાક રસોઈ તેલમાં પણ શોધી શકો છો. આદર્શ રીતે, અખરોટ, કેનોલા અને અળસીના બીજ જેવા ઓમેગા-3 અને ઓમેગા-6ના વધુ અનુકૂળ ગુણોત્તરવાળા તેલ છે. પરંતુ, જો તમે ઓમેગા-6થી ઓમેગા-3ના ઊંચા ગુણોત્તરવાળા છોડ-આધારિત તેલનો ઉપયોગ કરો છો, તો તે તમારા સ્વાસ્થ્ય માટે હાનિકારક નહીં હોય.
Smoke point:
Refined – 232°C (450°F)
Unrefined – 160°C (320°F)
48% MUFA
34% PUFA
18% saturated
Smoke point:
Unrefined – 177°C (350°F)
Semirefined – 232°C (450°F)
39.7% MUFA
42% PUFA
14% saturated
Smoke point:
High oleic – Refined – 232°C (450°F)
High oleic – Unrefined – 160°C (320°F)
16% MUFA
72% PUFA
12% saturated
Smoke point:232 °C (450 °F)
38% MUFA
37% PUFA
25% saturated
Smoke point: 190-243°C (374-470°F), depending on variety.
77% MUFA
9% PUFA
14% Saturated
Smoke point: Unrefined – 107°C (225°F), don’t use this for cooking.
18% MUFA
73% PUFA
9% saturated
Smoke point:
(Rapeseed) Refined – 204°C (400°F)
(Rapeseed) Unrefined – 107°C (225°F)
61% MUFA
32% PUFA
7% saturated
Smoke point:
230-238°C (446-460°F)
Unrefined – 178°C (352°F)
25% MUFA
62% PUFA
13% saturated
Smoke point: 234°C (453°F)
24% MUFA
61% PUFA
15% saturated
Every oil out there has about 120 calories and 13 g of fat per tablespoon—there’s no variety that’s magically lower in calories than all the rest. What really makes cooking oils different is their composition: Each one has a unique ratio of saturated fat to monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to polyunsaturated fat (PUFA). This ratio determines whether the oil is a solid or a liquid, how well it can withstand high temperatures, and what effects it’ll have on the human body.
Choose “cold-pressed” and/or “expeller-pressed” when possible – These terms refer to the way the oil is processed. Cold-pressed oils are pressed at low temperatures, which means they retain all the flavours, aromas, and nutrients that would otherwise be destroyed by heat. Expeller-pressing is another clean way of producing oil: It means that oil was extracted mechanically (i.e. good old-fashioned squeezing) instead of chemically.
Pick oils that are composed mainly of MUFAs (Monounsaturated fatty acids) rather than PUFAs (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) for cooking – Because of their chemical structure, MUFAs are less sensitive to heat and oxidation, and it’s recommended choosing a mostly-MUFA oil (like olive, avocado, canola, sunflower, sesame, soybean) for most cooking.
Strive for balanced omegas – Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are two different types of PUFAs. While whole fish and fish oils are arguably the best sources of omega-3s, you can also find them in some cooking oils. Ideally, it’s best to seek out oils with a more favourable ratio of omega-3 to omega-6, like walnut, canola, and flaxseed. But, again, don’t freak out: Ultimately, it comes down to moderation. If you use plant-based oils with a higher omega-6 to omega-3 ratio every once in a while, it’s not going to be detrimental to your health
Different Types of Cooking Oils – Choose Wisely
Cooking Oils Recommended
Top choice
Peanut oil (marketed as “groundnut oil” in the UK and India)
Sesame oil
Sunflower oil
Rice bran oil
1) Peanut oil
Peanut oil has a pretty even proportion of saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fats, and along with vitamin E. Among cooking oils, peanut oil has one of the highest monounsaturated fat (48%) contents among cooking oils. Peanut oil has a similar percentage of polyunsaturated fat (34%) to canola oil. Its percentage of saturated fat (18%) is higher than that of other vegetable oils, but not to the point that it’s a concern for heart health and it still has less saturated fat than coconut or palm oils. The high monounsaturated content in this oil makes it a heart-friendly choice that is great for frying due to its high smoking point and neutral taste, so you can even use it to fry foods like tempura. Still, because of peanut oil’s high smoke-point, you may retain less of the oil than if you were to use something with a lower smoke point. The oil contains resveratrol, which has been studied for its protective effects against cancers, heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and viral infections
The super high smoke point means peanut oil is a great choice for deep-frying.
Smoke point:
Refined – 232°C (450°F)
Unrefined – 160°C (320°F)
48% MUFA
34% PUFA
18% saturated
2) Sesame Oil
It has a medium smoke-point, which makes it best for light sautéing, sauces and low-heat baking. Sesame oil is rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically linoleic acid, which is an omega-6, though it’s not especially high in other nutrients.
Smoke point:
Unrefined – 177°C (350°F)
Semirefined – 232°C (450°F)
39.7% MUFA
42% PUFA
14% saturated
3) Sunflower oil
Made from the same sunflower seeds you like snacking on, this oil is a favourite both in food and for frying. Sunflower oil is low in saturated fat and sunflower oil is higher in antioxidant vitamin E than any other oil; one tablespoon contains 28% of a person’s daily recommended intake of the nutrient, so drizzle this to employ some free-radical-fighting powers. It is the oil of choice for many health brands.
Sunflower oil has one of the highest concentrations of polyunsaturated fat (69-72%) among cooking oils. It supplies some monounsaturated fat (16-20 %) and is low in saturated fat (11-12 %), making it an overall heart-healthy option.
It has a high smoke point
Smoke point:
High oleic – Refined – 232°C (450°F)
High oleic – Unrefined – 160°C (320°F)
16% MUFA
72% PUFA
12% saturated
4) Rice bran oil
Rice bran oil has a composition similar to that of peanut oil, with 38% monounsaturated, 37% polyunsaturated, and 25% saturated fatty acids.
Rice bran oil is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice called chaff (rice husk). It is known for its high smoke point of 232 °C (450 °F) and mild flavor, making it suitable for high-temperature cooking methods such as stir frying and deep frying. It is popular as a cooking oil in East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Japan, Southern China and Malaysia.
Smoke point:232 °C (450 °F)
38% MUFA
37% PUFA
25% saturated
Second choice
Olive oil
Flaxseed oil
1) OLIVE OIL
Olive oils typically have the highest percentage of monounsaturated fats among cooking oils (although some high-oleic versions of other oils may have artificially boosted levels of monounsaturated fats).
It’s rich in polyphenols, antioxidant compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers are also looking into how polyphenols can help to prevent cancer, as well as their potential for improving cognitive function and memory. High in beneficial monounsaturated fats, olive oil is heart-healthy.
Olive oil has a relatively lower smoke point compared to other oils, so it’s best for low and medium-heat cooking; it’s not good for high-heat cooking.
Smoke point: 190-243°C (374-470°F), depending on variety.
77% MUFA
9% PUFA
14% Saturated
2) Flaxseed Oil
Flaxseed has become more and more popular as a superfood recently, with its high fibre content and fairly high doses of omega-3 fatty acids from plant sources, which are extremely healthy for us, since omega-3 fatty acids decrease inflammation and control blood pressure.
good source of monounsaturated fatty acids to promote decreased total LDL cholesterol and increased HDL.
Also thought to be helpful in fighting heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.
It should not be heated. You absolutely can’t cook with it, because of the low smoke-point, it’s incredibly sensitive to heat and oxidizes quickly.
Smoke point: Unrefined – 107°C (225°F), don’t use this for cooking.
18% MUFA
73% PUFA
9% saturated
Canola oil (Rapeseed Oil)
Corn oil (also known as maize oil)
1) Canola
(high in Monounsaturated fats & a good source of Polyunsaturated)
Canola oil also has relatively high monounsaturated fat content. But although it contains a higher proportion of monounsaturated fat (61-62 %), canola oil is also a good source of polyunsaturated fat (32 %). In addition, canola oil has the lowest level of saturated fat among cooking oils (7 %). It is also one of the few oils that contain a good plant-based source of omega-3 fats, a beneficial type of polyunsaturated fat.
Canola oil has a higher smoke point than olive oil and can be used safely for cooking at high temperatures
Smoke point:
(Rapeseed) Refined – 204°C (400°F)
(Rapeseed) Unrefined – 107°C (225°F)
61% MUFA
32% PUFA
7% saturated
2) Corn oil
(also known as maize oil)
Corn oil is quite a healthy oil because it is composed mainly of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low on saturated fat.
Its high smoke point. Plus, the most studied property of corn oil is its ability to lower LDL blood cholesterol when taken within limits unless corn oil is taken in such high amounts that its saturated fat content increases cholesterol levels. Corn oil contains Vitamin E which is an antioxidant. Corn oil is good for the health of the cardiovascular system if taken within limits. Like olive oil, it reduces blood pressure post-consumption in hypertensive patients, however, as always, one should keep the consumption of fats within limits, no matter how healthy.
Smoke point:
230-238°C (446-460°F)
Unrefined – 178°C (352°F)
25% MUFA
62% PUFA
13% saturated
Not the healthiest choice
Soybean oil
Cottonseed oil
Mustard oil
1) Soybean oil
high in Polyunsaturated fats
n addition to healthy polyunsaturated fats and the Vitamin E of other oils, soybean also packs vitamin K, which is important for bone health. But be careful: this is often used in packaged goods with lots of trans fat (the worst kind).
Its versatility has made it popular but with high omega-6 content, even though it does contain omega-3 (ALA) you’d better choose something else.
Best for: deep-frying, roasting, baking, and general cooking.
Smoke point: 234°C (453°F)
24% MUFA
61% PUFA
15% saturated
2) Cottonseed oil
Its fatty acid profile generally consists of 70% unsaturated fatty acids (18% monounsaturated, and 52% polyunsaturated), 26% saturated fatty acids. When it is fully hydrogenated, its profile is 94% saturated fat and 2% unsaturated fatty acids (1.5% monounsaturated, and 0.5% polyunsaturated). According to the cottonseed oil industry, cottonseed oil does not need to be hydrogenated as much as other polyunsaturated oils to achieve similar results.
3) Mustard oil
Mustard oil has about 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (42% erucic acid and 12% oleic acid); it has about 21% polyunsaturated fats (6% the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and 15% the omega-6 linoleic acid), and it has about 12% saturated fats.
Mustard oil has high levels of erucic acid. Erucic acid may have toxic effects on the heart at high doses. An association between the consumption of dietary erucic acid and increased myocardial lipidosis, or heart disease, has not been established for humans, although given what is known about erucic acid, it is reasonable to expect that humans would be susceptible to this.Mustard oil is not allowed to be imported or sold in the U.S. for use in cooking, except for those products with exceptionally low erucic acid content.
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